By the end of his career Schumann had composed a total of four symphonies. In 1845 he composed his C major Symphony, which was published in 1846 as No. The work which was later to be published as his Fourth Symphony was also finished in 1841. Schumann gained quick success as a symphonic composer following his orchestral debut with his warmly received First Symphony, composed in 1841 and premiered in Leipzig with Felix Mendelssohn conducting. Although Schumann wrote an incomplete G minor symphony as early as 1832–33 (of which the first movement was performed on two occasions to an unenthusiastic reception), he only began seriously composing for the symphonic genre after receiving his wife's encouragement in 1839. Throughout his life, Schumann explored a diversity of musical genres, including chamber, vocal, and symphonic music. Peter Brown, members of the audience applauded between every movement, and especially at the end of the work when the orchestra joined them in congratulating Schumann by shouting "hurrah!". It was composed from 2 November to 9 December 1850 and premiered on 6 February 1851 in Düsseldorf, conducted by Schumann himself, and was received with mixed reviews, "ranging from praise without qualification to bewilderment". 97, also known as the Rhenish, is the last symphony composed by Robert Schumann, although not the last published.
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